Zhou Y.L., Nicholls J.A., Liu Z.H., Hartley D., Szito A., Ślipiński A., Zwick A. (2022). Molecular Phylogeny of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) Reveals the Polyphyletic Nature of Trogoderma Latreille and the Taxonomic Placement of the Khapra Beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts. Insect Systematics and Diversity 6(6): 2.

Author(s)Zhou, Yu-Lingzi; Nicholls, James A; Liu, Zhen-Hua; Hartley, Diana; Szito, Andras; Ślipiński, Adam; Zwick, Andreas
Title
Molecular Phylogeny of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) Reveals the Polyphyletic Nature of Trogoderma Latreille and the Taxonomic Placement of the Khapra Beetle Trogoderma granarium Everts
Journal TitleInsect Systematics and Diversity
Editor(s)Beutel, Rolf
DOI10.1093/isd/ixac026
URLhttps://academic.oup.com/isd/article/doi/10.1093/isd/ixac026/6822502
Volume6
Issue6
Page(s)2
DateNovember 11, 2022
Keywords
Abstract
The hide, larder, and carpet beetles (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) are a family of mainly scavenger beetles, with numerous species such as the khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898), the black carpet beetle [Attagenus unicolor (Brahm, 1791)] and the hide beetle (Dermestes maculatus De Geer, 1774) being widely recognized as serious economic pests of stored products and museum collections. A stable classification and reliable identification of genera and species of these pests and their 1,700 relatives are of great relevance for trade restrictions, biosecurity, pest management, forensics, and biodiversity surveys. In this study, we examined and sequenced mitochondrial genomes of 477 dermestid specimens, representing all subfamilies and 90% of the globally recognized tribes and subtribes. Our study provides the most comprehensive, taxonomically verified, and vouchered resource of mitochondrial reference sequences linked to specimen images and occurrence records of pests and their relatives, enabling eDNA surveys, metabarcoding and molecular species identification. It also reconstructs the phylogeny of Dermestidae based on molecular and morphological data for the first time, thereby providing robust phylogenetic hypotheses for a stable classification system from family to genus-level. Accordingly, a revised classification of Dermestidae with formal nomenclatural changes is proposed, recognizing six subfamilies: Orphilinae, Trinodinae, Trogoparvinae subfam. nov. (type genus TrogoparvusHáva, 2001), Dermestinae, Attageninae, and Megatominae. Trinodinae is recovered towards the base of Dermestidae with three tribes: Trinodini (=Trinoparvini syn. nov.), Thylodriini, and Trichelodini. Dermestinae is the only subfamily with adults lacking a median ocellus, and it includes the tribes Thorictini stat. nov. (that is downgraded from Thorictinae), Marioutini, and Dermestini. The endemic Australian genus Derbyana Lawrence and Ślipiński was recovered within Holarctic Dermestes Linnaeus. Attageninae is strongly supported and includes the monogeneric Adelaidiini and polygenic Attagenini. Former subgenera of Attagenus Latreille, i.e., Lanorus Mulsant and Rey (= Paranovelsis Casey syn. nov.), Telopes Redtenbacher and Aethriostoma Motschulsky, are elevated to generic level. The largest clade, Megatominae, is confirmed as monophyletic and is divided into three tribes: Anthrenini, Ctesiini, and Megatomini. Megatomini is divided into three subtribes: Megatomina, Orphinina subtribe nov. (type genus Orphinus Motschulsky), and Trogodermina. Within the economically important lineage Trogodermina, Trogoderma Latreille is delimited to contain only Holarctic species including the Khapra beetle T. granarium Everts, while a Southern Hemisphere clade is here recognized as Eurhopalus Solier in Gay, 1849 (= AnthrenocerusArrow, 1915; Myrmeanthrenus Armstrong, 1945; Neoanthrenus Armstrong, 1941; SodaliatomaHáva, 2013; Reesa Beal, 1967 syn. nov.). A revised classification of the extant genera of Dermestidae is also provided.
ISSN2399-3421
Document TypeJournal Article
Languageenglish
SeriesTechnical Bulletin
Citation Keyzhou_molecular_2022

Links & Files

Associated Taxa (52)

Taxon NameCited As (Verbatim)RelationshipStatusPage / Notes
Trogoparvinae (subfamily)—
Original Description
accepted
p. 11, 14
Orphinina (subtribe)—
Original Description
accepted
p. 11, 18
Dermestes maximus —
accepted
Implied assignment as Dermestes (Dermalius) maximus, since Dermalius is treated as equal to other subgenera (e.g. Derbyana at subgenus rank)
Jiriella (genus)—
Synonymy
synonym
p. 8, 18
synonymized with Orphinus [s. str.] (separate from Curtophinus and Falsoorphinus which were placed as separate genera)
Falsoorphinus (subgenus)Falsoorphinus
Resurrection Phylogeny
provisionally accepted
p. 8, 18, 21
Resurrected from synonymy, genus rank
Orphinus bicolor Curtophinus bicolor
Phylogeny
accepted
—
Attagenus (genus)—
Revision
accepted
—
Dermestes matthewsi Dermestes (Derbyana) matthewsi
Phylogeny
accepted
p. 14
Lanorus (genus)Lanorus
Resurrection
accepted
p. 14
Thorictinae (subfamily)Thorictinae
Nomenclatural Act
accepted
p. 14
Aethriostoma (genus)Aethriostoma
Status ChangeResurrection
accepted
p. 14, 20
Elevated from subgenus to genus; also treated as a newly resurrected genus (although was in use as subgenus by Hava 2003-2022)
Derbyana (subgenus)Derbyana
Status Change
provisionally accepted
p. 14, 20
Changed from genus to subgenus of Dermestes
Telopes (genus)Telopes
Status ChangeResurrection
provisionally accepted
p. 14, 20
Elevated from subgenus to genus; treated as a newly resurrected genus. Telopes was not in use for a long period until Hava, 2021
Apphianini (tribe)—
accepted
p. 15
Nathrenus (subgenus)Anthrenus (Nathrenus)
Classification
accepted
p. 15
Neoanthrenus removed from synonymy with Nathrenus
Neoanthrenus (genus)Eurhopalus
Synonymy Classification
provisionally accepted
p. 15
Neoanthrenus removed from synonymy with Nathrenus (and synonymized with Eurhopalus)
Anthrenocerina (subtribe)—
Synonymy
synonym
p. 18
Phylogenetic study finds that Anthrenocerus is deeply nested within "Trogoderma" (s. lato), therefore "Anthrenocerina" is fully redundant synonymous taxon of Trogodermina
Cryptorhopalina (subtribe)—
Synonymy
nomen nudum
p. 18
Cryptorhopalina is treated as synonymous to Trogodermina; Cryptorhopalum represents a clade closely allied to the rest of Trogodermina
Curtophinus (subgenus)Curtophinus
ResurrectionStatus Change Phylogeny
accepted
p. 18
Recognized as a separate genus
Hemirhopalum (genus)Cryptorhopalum
Synonymy
synonym
p. 18
Anthrenocerus (genus)Anthrenocerus
Synonymy Phylogeny
provisionally accepted
p. 19
Myrmeanthrenus (genus)Myrmeanthrenus
Synonymy
provisionally accepted
p. 19
Reesa vespulae Eurhopalus vespulae
accepted
p. 19
Sodaliatoma (genus)Sodaliatoma, Sodaliotoma [sic]
Synonymy
provisionally accepted
p. 19
Junior synonym of Eurhopalus. Inconsistent spelling (correct is Sodaliatoma)
Trogoderma angustum Eurhopalus angustum
Combination
accepted
p. 19
New combination (although incorrect gender assignment; correct = E. angustus)
Trogoderma constantini Eurhopalus constanntini [sic]
Combination
accepted
p. 19
Combination under Eurhopalus (but species epither with a typo)
Trogoderma primum Eurhopalus primum
accepted
p. 19
Trogoderma signatum Eurhopalus signatus
Combination Phylogeny
accepted
p. 19
"E. signatus (Sharp)" was studied and established as part of Eurhopalus lineage - sister to E. norfolkianus [note: E. norfolkianus combination explicitly noted for first time only in Liu et al. 2022]
Dermalius (subgenus)—
Classification
provisionally accepted
p. 20
Treated equally to other subgenera Dermestinus and Derbyana, although specified under "Dermestini" broadly
Montandonia (subgenus)—
Classification
provisionally accepted
p. 20
Treated equally to other subgenera Dermestinus and Derbyana, although specified under "Dermestini" broadly
Caccoleptoides (genus)—
accepted
p. 21
"Genera of uncertain status"
Claviella (genus)Claviella
Placement Change Classification
accepted
p. 21
Under Trogodermina. "Genus not included in molecular analyses but with suggested taxonomic placement based on our morphological study"
Hirtomegatoma (genus)Hirtomegatoma
Classification
accepted
p. 21
Under Megatomina. "Genus not included in molecular analyses but with suggested taxonomic placement based on our morphological study"
Paratrogoderma (genus)—
accepted
p. 21
"Genera of uncertain status"
Picorphinus (subgenus)N/A
provisionally accepted
p. 21
Omitted from classification, therefore implied subgeneric (or synonymous) status for the non-studied taxon, similarly to other taxa
Turcicornis (genus)—
accepted
p. 21
"Genera of uncertain status"
Valdesetosum (genus)—
accepted
p. 21
"Genera of uncertain status"
Volvicornis (genus)—
accepted
p. 21
"Genera of uncertain status"
Orphinus quadrimaculatus —
accepted
"Falsoorphinus Japan Ryukyu"
Trinoparvini (tribe)—
Synonymy
synonym
Junior synonym of Trinodini; Trinoparvini makes Trinodini paraphyletic
Trogoderma norfolkiana —
Phylogeny
accepted
Included in the tree under Eurhopalus clade, sister o E. signatus. No explicit recombination cited (old recombination in tree)
Weiranthrenus (subgenus)—
Synonymy
provisionally accepted
Implied synonymy, since Myrmeanthrenus (includes Weiranthrenus which itself was not mentioned) and Anthrenocerus are part of Eurhopalus
Dearthrus (subgenus)—
Phylogeny
provisionally accepted
Two American Dearthrus species make Globicornis paraphyletic, suggesting synonymy
Orphilinae (subfamily)Orphilinae
Phylogeny
accepted
Confirmed as part of Dermestidae
Dermestidae (family)—
RevisionClassification
accepted
—
Dermestinae (subfamily)—
Revision
accepted
—
Paranovelsis (genus)Lanorus
Synonymy
synonym
Lanorus (Paranovelsis syn. nov.)
Thorictini (tribe)—
Revision
accepted
—
Reesa (genus)—
Synonymy
provisionally accepted
—
Attagenus pellio —
Phylogeny
accepted
—
bifasciatus (group)—
Phylogeny
accepted
—
Eurhopalus (genus)—
Resurrection Classification
synonym
—